CEU Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2025
| Author | Martin, Sydney |
|---|---|
| Title | AI Firms Enabling Hybrid Warfare Operations in Israel-Gaza and Russia-Ukraine: Assessing Transparency and Accountability |
| Summary | Synthesizing literature on global power relations, hybrid warfare, artificial intelligence, international law, corporate governance, and various transparency frameworks related to these concepts, this research paper explores the question: “what AI tools and firms are enabling hybrid warfare operations in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza wars, and how do these meet transparency standards?” As a primarily exploratory and descriptive study, this paper produces a dataset of 65 AI tools and 25 AI companies involved in the two case study conflicts. Based on theoretical frameworks gathered from AI and corporate transparency literature, the (1) AI tools and (2) companies received two scores indicating (1) algorithmic and (2) corporate transparency. The overall findings suggest that the vast majority of AI included in this dataset is overwhelmingly opaque, with severe deficiencies in terms of meeting democratic oversight, transparency and accountability standards. The collected dataset and a breakdown of the subsequent transparency scores are compiled into a centralized document that may assist future researchers and policy-makers interested in exploring transparency and accountability incentives, mechanisms, and outcomes, specifically for dual-use AI enabling hybrid warfare. |
| Supervisor | Garner, Marie-Pierre and Ibanez, Josep |
| Department | Public Policy MA |
| Full text | https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2025/martin_sydney.pdf |
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